Sea Surface Temperature Trends (1993–2022) at the Central–West Java Border: Climate Change Indicator
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55448/j94d1w11Kata Kunci:
Climate Change, Sea Surface Temperature, South Java Sea, Temperature Variability, Warming TrendAbstrak
This study analyzes the variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the coastal waters of Cilacap and Pangandaran, South Java Sea, during the 1993–2022 period using satellite data from Marine Copernicus. The analysis covers long-term trends, interannual fluctuations, and seasonal patterns related to regional oceanographic dynamics such as ENSO and seasonal upwelling. The results show a warming trend of SST at 0.06 ± 0.02 °C per decade, indicating the influence of regional climate change. Interannual variability highlights significant cooling in 1997 (La Niña) and extreme warming in 1998 and 2010 (El Niño). Seasonal patterns reveal the highest SST from March to May during the west monsoon, and the lowest SST in August–September due to upwelling. Upwelling plays an important role in regulating sea temperatures and supporting biological productivity. These findings underscore the importance of SST monitoring for climate-adaptive marine resource management in the southern coastal region of Java.
Referensi
Aldrian, Edvin, and R. Dwi Susanto. 2003. "Identification of three dominant rainfall regions within Indonesia and their relationship to sea surface temperature." International Journal of Climatology 23: 1435-1452. Doi:10.1002/joc.950. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.950
Cahyarini, Sri Yudawati, Miriam Pfeiffer, Intan Suci Nurhati, Edvin Aldrian, Wolf‐Christian Dullo, and Steffen Hetzinger. 2014. "Twentieth century sea surface temperature and salinity variations at Timor inferred from paired coral δ18O and Sr/Ca measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 119, no. 7: 4593-4604. Doi: 10.1002/2013JC009594 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009594
Cheng, Yuan, Hao Yan, Chuck Wah Yu, and Junqi Wang. 2024. "The high-temporal and spatial resolution sea surface temperature brings new opportunities for sustainable development of the built environment in coastal cities." Indoor and Built Environment 33, no. 7: 1165-1169. Doi: 10.1177/1420326X241234169 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X241234169
De Deckker, Patrick. 2016. "The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool: critical to world oceanography and world climate." Geoscience Letters 3, no. 1: 20. Doi: 10.1186/s40562-016-0054-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-016-0054-3
Deser, Clara, Michael A. Alexander, Shang-Ping Xie, and Adam S. Phillips. 2010. "Sea surface temperature variability: Patterns and mechanisms." Annual review of marine science 2, no. 1: 115-143. Doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120408-151453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120408-151453
Greiner, Eric, Nathalie Verbrugge, Sandrine Mulet, and Stéphanie Guinehut. 2023. "Multi Observation Production Centre Ocean 3D Temperature, Salinity, Geopotential Heights, Geostrophic Currents and 2D Mixed Layer Depth Product MULTIOBS_GLO_PHY_TSUV_3D_MYNRT_015_012.".
Hidayat, Taopik, and Muhammad Fauzan Ramadhan. 2025. "Diplomasi Lingkungan Indonesia Melalui Coral Triangle Intiative: Peluang dan Tantangan." Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Lesser Sunda 5, no. 1: 29-41. Doi: 10.29303/jikls.v5i1.128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jikls.v5i1.128
Laurindo, Lucas C., R. Justin Small, LuAnne Thompson, Leo Siqueira, Frank O. Bryan, Ping Chang, Gokhan Danabasoglu et al. 2022. "Role of ocean and atmosphere variability in scale‐dependent thermodynamic air‐sea interactions." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 127, no. 7: e2021JC018340. Doi: 10.1029/2021JC018340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018340
Iskandar, Iskhaq, Wijaya Mardiansyah, Deni Okta Lestari, and Yukio Masumoto. 2020. "What did determine the warming trend in the Indonesian sea?." Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 7: 1-11. Doi: 10.1186/s40645-020-00334-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-020-00334-2
Lee, Tong. 2004. "Decadal weakening of the shallow overturning circulation in the South Indian Ocean." Geophysical research letters 31, no. 18. Doi: 10.1029/2004GL020884 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020884
Mawren, D., J. Hermes, and C. J. C. Reason. 2024. "Mixed layer heat budget in the Mozambique channel: Interannual variability and influence of Rossby waves." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 205: 104248. Doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104248
Pelu, Fadli. 2024. "Dampak Perubahan Iklim Global terhadap Kerentanan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir di Maluku." Jurnal Akademik Ekonomi Dan Manajemen 1, no. 4: 635-643. Doi: 10.61722/jaem.v1i4.4375
Pinkerton, Matthew H., Philip W. Boyd, Stacy Deppeler, Alex Hayward, Juan Höfer, and Sebastien Moreau. 2021. "Evidence for the impact of climate change on primary producers in the Southern Ocean." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9: 592027. Doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.592027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.592027
Robinson, Walter A. 2021. "Climate change and extreme weather: A review focusing on the continental United States." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 71, no. 10: 1186-1209. Doi: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1942319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2021.1942319
Roxy, Mathew Koll, Kapoor Ritika, Pascal Terray, and Sébastien Masson. 2014. "The curious case of Indian Ocean warming." Journal of Climate 27, no. 22: 8501-8509. Doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00471.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00471.1
Sarre, Abdoulaye, Hervé Demarcq, Noel Keenlyside, Jens-Otto Krakstad, Salaheddine El Ayoubi, Ahmed Mohamed Jeyid, Saliou Faye, Adama Mbaye, Momodou Sidibeh, and Patrice Brehmer. 2024. "Climate change impacts on small pelagic fish distribution in Northwest Africa: trends, shifts, and risk for food security." Scientific Reports 14, no. 1: 12684. Doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61734-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61734-8
Setiawati, Martiwi Diah, Herlambang Aulia Rachman, Riza Yuliratno Setiawan, Augy Syahailatua, and Sam Wouthuyzen. 2024. "The habitat preference of commercial tuna species based on a daily environmental database approach in the tropical region of the Eastern Indian Ocean off Java-Bali waters." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 216: 105400. Doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2024.105400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2024.105400
Singh, Sarmistha, Chinju Saju, and K. Athira. 2025. "Impacts of ocean atmospheric phenomena on hydroclimate extremes." In Sustainable Development Perspectives in Earth Observation, pp. 119-133. Elsevier. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-14072-3.00003-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-14072-3.00003-4
Siswandi, Andreas, Yudha Setiawan Djamil, Rima Rachmayani, Sri Yudawati Cahyarini, and Marfasran Hendrizan. 2022. "First-order analyses on the role of surface wind in the long-term contraction of the Indo-Pacific warm pool." Indonesian Journal of Geography 54, no. 3. Doi: 10.22146/ijg.75502 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.75502
Sprintall, Janet, Arnold L. Gordon, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, Tong Lee, James T. Potemra, Kandaga Pujiana, and Susan E. Wijffels. 2014. "The Indonesian seas and their role in the coupled ocean–climate system." Nature Geoscience 7, no. 7: 487-492. Doi: 10.1038/ngeo2188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2188
Staudinger, Michelle D., Abigail J. Lynch, Sarah K. Gaichas, Michael G. Fox, Daniel Gibson‐Reinemer, Joseph A. Langan, Amy K. Teffer, Stephen J. Thackeray, and Ian J. Winfield. 2021. "How does climate change affect emergent properties of aquatic ecosystems?." Fisheries 46, no. 9: 423-441. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10606
Umasangaji, H., and Y. Ramili. 2021. "Mini review: Characteristics of upwelling in several coastal areas in the world." In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 890, no. 1, p. 012004. IOP Publishing. Doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012004
Vinayachandran, Puthenveettil Narayana Menon, Yukio Masumoto, Michael J. Roberts, Jenny A. Huggett, Issufo Halo, Abhisek Chatterjee, Prakash Amol et al. 2021. "Reviews and syntheses: Physical and biogeochemical processes associated with upwelling in the Indian Ocean." Biogeosciences 18, no. 22: 5967-6029. Doi: 10.5194/bg-18-5967-2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5967-2021
Voolstra, Christian R., Rachel Alderdice, Luigi Colin, Sebastian Staab, Amy Apprill, and Jean-Baptiste Raina. 2024. "Standardized Methods to Assess the Impacts of Thermal Stress on Coral Reef Marine Life." Annual Review of Marine Science 17. Doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032223-024511 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032223-024511
Wen, Chunlong, Zhenyan Wang, Jing Wang, Hongchun Li, Xingyu Shi, Wei Gao, and Haijun Huang. 2023. "Variation of the coastal upwelling off South Java and their impact on local fishery resources." Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 41, no. 4: 1389-1404. Doi: 10.1007/s00343-022-2031-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-022-2031-3
Widagdo, S., V. D. Prasita, and M. Hafiz. 2025. "Upwelling Intensity During Indian Ocean Dipole Period in Southern Waters of Java." In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 1473, no. 1, p. 012015. IOP Publishing. Doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1473/1/012015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1473/1/012015
Wijaya, Yusuf Jati, Ulung Jantama Wisha, Hasti Amrih Rejeki, and Dwi Haryo Ismunarti. 2024. "Variability of the South Java Current from 1993 to 2021, and its relationship to ENSO and IOD events." Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 60, no. 1: 65-79. Doi: 10.1007/s13143-023-00336-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-023-00336-2
Wijaya, Yusuf Jati, Ulung Jantama Wisha, Lilik Maslukah, Seto Windarto, Anindya Wirasatriya, and Muhammad Zainuri. 2024. "Seasonal variation of chlorophyll-a in South Java over the past quarter-century." Ocean Dynamics 74, no. 8: 703-724. Doi: 10.1007/s10236-024-01629-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-024-01629-4
Xu, Zhenhao, Fei Ji, Bo Liu, Taichen Feng, Yuan Gao, Yongli He, and Fei Chang. 2021. "Long‐term evolution of global sea surface temperature trend." International Journal of Climatology 41, no. 9: 4494-4508. Doi: 10.1002/joc.7082 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7082
Yuliardi, Amir Yarkhasy, and Luhur Moekti Prayogo. 2023. "Analisis Komponen Harmonik dan Elevasi Pasang Surut pada Alur Pelayaran Perairan Cilacap: Harmonic Component Analysis and Tidal Elevation in Shipping Lanes in Cilacap Waters." Jurnal Miyang: Ronggolawe Fisheries and Marine Science Journal 3, no. 1: 41-46. Dok: 10.55719/jmiy.v3i1.644 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55719/jmiy.v3i1.644
Zhou, Xinquan, Stéphanie Duchamp‐Alphonse, Xiaoxu Shi, Franck Bassinot, Eva Moreno, Xiaobo Jin, Luc Beaufort, and Chuanlian Liu. 2025. "Changes in atmospheric convection over the Indo‐Pacific warm pool and coupled IOD and ENSO patterns during the last glacial maximum." Geophysical Research Letters 52, no. 6: e2024GL112276. Doi: 10.1029/2024GL112276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112276
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Jurnal Ekologi, Masyarakat dan Sains
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Penulis artikel yang diterbitkan di Jurnal EMS diizinkan untuk mengarsipkan sendiri versi terbitan/PDF di mana saja.
